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Final Project Presentation

Energy Analysis for the home

• Location of home is Iowa City
• 1000 sq ft, 2 bedroom, and no basement
• Found R-values based on good insulation, windows, and doors
• Degree Days
• Heating degree days = 7228
• Cooling degree days = 1270
• Manual J standard  & Smith (1999) used for heating and cooling loads
• Total heat load = 32,000 Btu/h
• Total cooloing load = 16,650 Btu/h

Energy System for the home

• Geothermal heating and cooling system was chosen
• Iowa City not sufficient for solar irradiation
• Not enough wind to justify wind power

Cooling

                                       Heating

• Loop size & configuration
• Vertical loop due to lack of land space
• Higher up front cost but better longterm efficiency
• less disruption of landscape (can plant more trees etc.)

• 3/4" outer diameter Polyethyline pipe
• Required pipe length of loop = 730 ft
• Used 800 ft. (oversized for better performance) 
• 3 bores at 250 ft deep spaced apart 20 ft
• Would require approx 50 ft^2 of surface space (Far less than horizontal)
• $200 more for the extra pipe but well worth it.

 Formula used for sizing ground loop:

*Takes worst case scenario into consideration. Uses January temps & run hours

• Pump for fluid loop
• Dayton 5PXX4
• 1/8 hp
• 3/4" inlets and outlets
• 11 gallons per minute
• 15 ft of head loss
• Heat Pump
• 31,000 btu/h heating
• 1.6 Ton cooling
• Duct Work
• Max tons of AC = 2 tons
• 800 total cfm of air flow
• supply
• 2- 7" round for living room (300 cfm)
• 5- 6" round for the rest of the house
• 2-master bedroom
• 1-kitchen, bathroom, spare bedroom
• return
• 16" X 25" return opening for filter grate
• rule of thumb for return is 2 cfm per sq in of return grille size
• 8" X 10" - spare bedroom
• 8" X 12" - master bedroom
• 10" X 25" - living room
• none in kitchen or bathroom (odors)
• Economic Comparison

Annual return for the geothermal system is $960 per year

Capital cost to install natural gas furnace and conventional AC = $7500

(This includes the equipment, labor, and duct work parts & labor)

(Based on two estimates given by Family Heating and Cooling and Mr HVAC, both of the Quad Cities)

Geothermal Equipment:

Water Furnace by Envision

• Higher efficiency
• Less noise during operation
• Dual Stage system
• Higher upfront cost
• Uses less energy
• Model 026
• Heating-31,000 btu/h   COP=5.5
• Cooling - 19,500         EER =18.6

Capital Cost

• Pipe = $2400
• Duct Work = $1000
• Equipment = $8000
• Labor = $2600
• Total Cost = $14,000 - 30% rebate = $9800

(Matched up with ballpark estimate for Iowa City on Geothermal sizing & cost ballpark figures)

(Figures based on cost estimate done by Family Heating and Cooling and Matt Burke)

Simple payback time

$9800 / ($1560-$600) = 10.2 year payback period

• The payback time did not meet the magic number of 7 years.
• Going with the conventional equipment would be more cost effective up front.
• Recommend considering geothermal if:
• prospective owner feels strong about conserving energy
• manufacture estimations are trusted
• 20 year life of equipment
• 50 year life of loop
• Possibility of 10 years of use after system has paid for itself

Description of LEED

LEED, or Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, is an internationally-recognized green building certification system. Developed by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) in March 2000, LEED provides building owners and operators with a framework for identifying and implementing practical and measurable green building design, construction, operations and maintenance solutions.

Details of LEED Certification

·         Home Size Adjustment

o   Apx. 1000 sq ft – two bedroom ( -9 pts)

·         Innovation and Design

o   1.1 – Preliminary Rating – need 66 pts for GOLD certification

o   1.2 – Integrated Project Team            ( 1 pt )

o   1.3 – Professional Credentialed with Respect to LEED for Homes ( 1 pt )

o   1.4 – Workshop for Green Strategies ( 1 pt )

o   2.1 – Durability Planning

o   2.2 – Durability Management

o   2.3 – Third-Party Durability Management Verification ( 3 pt )

·         Location and Linkages

o   2 – Follow the rules of Site Selection ( 2 pt )

o   3.1 – 25% of perimeter borders previously developed land ( 1 pt )

o   4 – within ½ mile of water and service lines ( 1 pt )

o   5.1 – within ½ mile of bus stop (30 or more stops per day) ( 1 pt )

o   6 – within ½ mile of publicly accessible open space ( 1 pt )

·         Sustainable Sites

o   1.1 – design and plan appropriate erosion control measures

o   1.2 – Minimize Disturbed Area of Site ( 1 pt )

o   2.1 – no invasive plants

o   2.3 – no conventional turf ( 3 pt )

o   2.4 – make 50% of plants drought tolerant ( 1 pt )

o   4.2 – plant 1 tree for every 500 sq ft of disturbed lot area ( 1 pt )

o   5 – meet all pest control alternatives ( 2 pt )

o   6 – build house on a 1/7 acre lot ( 2 pt )

·         Water Efficiency

o   3.2 – average flow rate for lavatory faucets ≤ 1.5 gpm , average flow rate of showers ≤ 1.75 gpm , average flow rate of toilets ≤ 1.1 gpf ( 6 pt )

·         Energy and Atmosphere

o   2.1 – 2.2 – install insulation that exceeds R-value requirements ( 2 pt )

o   3.1 – 3.2 – greatly reduce air leakage ( 2 pt )

o   4.3 – install exceptional windows , U-factor ≤ .28 ( 3 pt )

o   5.3 – install heat pump/duct system with minimal distribution losses ( 3 pt )

o   6.3 – install very efficient geothermal system ( 4 pt )

o   8.3 – install ENERGY STAR advanced lighting package ( 3 pt )

o   9 – install ENERGY STAR refrigerator, ceiling fans, dishwasher and clothes dryer ( 2 pt )

·         Materials and Resources

o   1.1 – limit the overall estimated waste factor limit to 10% or less

o   1.2 – detailed framing plans for special architectural details ( 1 pt )

o   1.3 – create a detailed cut list and lumber order ( 1 pt )

o   3.1 – 3.2 – generate 2.5 lbs or less of waste per sq ft of floor area and divert 25% or more of the total waste from landfills and incinerators ( 3 pt )

·         Indoor Environmental Quality

o   2.1 – meet combustion venting measures

o   2.2 – no fire place/wood stove ( 2 pt )

o   5.1 – exhaust systems in bathrooms and kitchens

o   5.2 – occupy sensor in every bathroom ( 1 pt )

o   5.3 – third party performance test for exhaust flow rate ( 1 pt )

o   6.1 – perform design calculations for system

o   6.2 – every room has adequate return air flow ( 1 pt )

o   6.3 – third party performance test ( 1 pt )

o   7.3 – install best air filters MERV ≥ 13 ( 2 pt )

o   8.1 – seal all permanent ducts and vents during construction ( 1 pt )

o   8.2 – install permanent walk-off grates (4 ft long) and a shoe removal and storage system ( 2 pt )

o   8.3 – preoccupancy flush ( 1 pt )

o   9.1 – 9.2 – protect EVERYTHING from Radon ( 1 pt )

o   10.1 – 10.4 – no HVAC in the garage + detached garage ( 3 pt )

·         Awareness and Education

o   1.1 – 1.2 – two hours of training for the occupants ( 1 pt )

o   1.3 – promote general public awareness about LEED ( 1 pt )

·         TOTAL = 70 pts

Price Breakdown of LEED

Category	Price	Payback Time
Innovation and Design
Green Rater	($500)
Mech. Engineer	($500)
Civil Engineer	($500)
Extra Costs for Architect/Builders	($1,000)
Sustainable Sites
Erosion Control Materials	($200)
Buffalo Grass (seed)	($235)	< month
Trees	($250)
Termite Control	($100)
1/7 acre opposed to 1/4 acre	$10,000
Energy and Atmosphere
Insulation + air leakage reduction	($2,000)
Excellent Windows	($400)
Geothermal System	($14,000)	10.2 years
High Efficiency Forced Air System	($6,000)
30% rebate	$4,200
ENERGY STAR advanced lighting package	($1,000)	3 years
ENERGY STAR appliances	($1,000)	5 years
Materials and Resources
House + garage (reduction in lumber)	$5,000
Indoor Environmental Quality
CO monitor	($25)
Exhaust Systems	($500)
Occupancy Sensors	($75)
Air Filters (MERV > 13)	($50)
Perminant walk-off grates	($500)
Preoccupancy Flush	($500)
Tax Credits and Deductions	$1,500	$1.50 per sq ft
Total	($8,635)

CO2 Footprint Reduction from LEED
(Generated using EPA Household Emissions Calculator - 2 people)


Before LEED
Vehicles - 24886 lbs CO2 per year
Home - 34855 lbs
Waste - 2042 lbs
Total = 62383 lbs


Changes Made
- no natural gas
- 60% reduction in electricity (ENERGY STAR)
- recylcing
- drop the mileage of each car by 40 miles/week
- cut oil consumption in half
- cut propane consumption in half


After LEED
Vehicles - 21238 lbs
Home - 12478 lbs
Waste - 1149 lbs
Total = 34865 lbs

http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/ind_calculator.html

·  

Part 2-5 Appliance energy breakdown / pie charts

For the home we estimated the appliance energy breakdown is below:

Pie chart from energy company:

Part 2-4 Heating and Cooling Energy needs for the home

Qheat = (UA + mdot * Cpa) * HDD
Qcool, sensible = (UA + mdot * Cpa) * CDD
Qcool, latent = mdot * hfg * SUM(wb-wo)deltaT

Cp=0.2441 Btu/lb

mdot=211.8 lb/hr

hfg=970.34 Btu/lb

Qheat = (UA + mdot * Cpa) * HDD

          =[(337.24Btu/F*hr)+(211.8 lb/hr)*(0.2441Btu/lb*F)] * 7228F*day (24hr)
          = 67470199 Btu 


Qcool, sensible = (UA + mdot * Cpa) * CDD
                          = [(146.76Btu/F*hr)+(211.8 lb/hr)*(0.2441Btu/lb*F)]*1270*day(24hr)
                          =6049072 Btu

Qcool, latent = mdot * hfg * SUM(wb-wo)deltaT
                     = (211.8 lb/hr)(970.34 Btu/lb)(22.48 hr) = 4620045 Btu

Part 2-3 Ventilation Rate of the Home

Assuming standard air exchange for homes, the ventilation rate was calculated as follows:

Desired air exchange rate = 0.35
8 ft ceilings

Ventilation rate = Volume*air exchange rate = (1000ft*8ft)(0.35/hr)(1hr/60min) = 46.67 cfm

or Q=mdot/density of air = (3.53 lb/min)/(0.0757lb/ft^3) @ 65 degrees F =  46.63 cfm

Part 2-2 Determine the heating and cooling degree days for a typical year

The heating degree days in Iowa City from 10/1/2010-09/1/2011 are shown below



The cooling degree days in Iowa City from 10/1/2010-09/1/2011 are shown below

Total heating degree days in a year in Iowa City = 7228

Totla cooling degree days in a year in Iowa City = 1270